国内镜像源的测试实践

       根据自己的网络，如何选择一个适合自己的镜像源呢？上次我分享了一个通过centos下yum安装搭建cacti，然后就引发思考了，我选择的镜像源速度是最快的吗？那么就选定国内知名的镜像源来个测试，供大家参考如果是公有云服务器或者像某公司这种提供企业云的话，肯定是选择厂商内网的镜像源啦，内网传输速度超快，所以这次的测试仅仅针对于办公或家用网络哈。好像某公司还没有在公有云市场投放吧，没有搜索某公司的公开镜像源，就测了其他主流的了。

      

清华        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/

中科大        https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/

163        https://mirrors.163.com/

某公司        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/

华为        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/

测试系统

选用 debian 10 ，安装的软件包有xfce4 gnome libreoffice vlc ，这三个包总大小 1014MB。

测试过程

公司办公网络是500M网，外网访问速度最快只能到53M/S。测试方法很简单，使用 sed 替换掉原来的镜像域名就行，都使用 http 的方式下载 加上 -d 参数只下载即可通过下载上面三个包，然后看那个最快来作为测试最优镜像源。

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

time apt update

time apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

下面开始测试

清华

set -xue

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

apt update

root@6586bff7e2bf:/# time apt update

Get:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [39.1 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7899 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [85.3 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 B]

Fetched 8195 kB in 2s (3821 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

All packages are up to date.

apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

0 upgraded, 1574 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 1014 MB of archives.

After this operation, 3471 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Fetched 1014 MB in 2min 3s (8246 kB/s)

Download complete and in download only mode

测试结果 Fetched 1014 MB in 2min 3s (8246 kB/s)

中科大

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

apt update

root@1242bc5d5e5a:/# time apt update

Get:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [39.1 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7899 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [85.3 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 B]

Fetched 8195 kB in 4s (1896 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

All packages are up to date.

apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

0 upgraded, 1574 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 1014 MB of archives.

Fetched 1005 MB in 37min 31s (446 kB/s)

测试结果 Fetched 1005 MB in 37min 31s (446 kB/s)

163

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.163.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.163.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

apt update

root@66e0d532818e:/# apt update

Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [39.1 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.163.com/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.163.com/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7899 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [85.3 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.163.com/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 B]

Fetched 8195 kB in 3s (2939 kB/s)

apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

0 upgraded, 1574 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 1014 MB of archives.

Fetched 1012 MB in 7min 21s (2295 kB/s)

Download complete and in download only mode

测试结果 Fetched 1012 MB in 7min 21s (2295 kB/s)

某公司

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

root@e4b82e40b6c6:/# apt update

Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [39.1 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7899 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [85.3 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 B]

Fetched 8195 kB in 1s (6489 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

All packages are up to date.

apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

0 upgraded, 1574 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 1014 MB of archives.

After this operation, 3471 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Fetched 1014 MB in 2min 54s (5815 kB/s)

Download complete and in download only mode

测试结果 Fetched 1014 MB in 2min 54s (5815 kB/s)

华为

sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.huaweicloud.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

sed -i 's|security.debian.org/debian-security|mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security|g' /etc/apt/sources.list

apt update

root@659549fb7f12:/# apt update

Get:1 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster InRelease [122 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [39.1 kB]

Get:3 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7899 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [85.0 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [884 B]

Fetched 8194 kB in 2s (4766 kB/s)

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

All packages are up to date.

apt install xfce4 gnome libreoffice  vlc -d -y

0 upgraded, 1574 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

Need to get 1014 MB of archives.

After this operation, 3471 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Fetched 1014 MB in 1min 25s (12.0 MB/s)

Download complete and in download only mode

测试结果 Fetched 1014 MB in 1min 25s (12.0 MB/s)

汇总：

清华：2min 3s

中科大：37min 31s

163：7min 21s

某公司：2min 54s

华为：1min 25s

下载同样的包，使用华为的镜像源更快一点。当然这个结果也只是参考，这和本地的网络运营商，所处的地理位置也有关。之前我自己的测试环境服务器一直在使用某公司或者中科大的镜像站，今天一测才知道，华为的还快一点呢。

分享这个呢是想告诉大家，希望大家都能够用实践用数据来支撑自己的选择。

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